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Audit Logging and Compliance: What to Track, Retain, and Report

A practical guide to audit logging for credential access: required fields, retention strategy, alerting, and evidence prep for SOC 2, ISO 27001, and PCI-DSS.

9 min read
2024-12-19
ComplianceAudit LoggingSecurity

Why Audit Logs Matter

Audit logs are your evidence trail: they prove who accessed sensitive systems, when, from where, and what changed. Without reliable logs, incident response and compliance audits become difficult and expensive.

Minimum Fields to Log

  • Actor identity (user/service account)
  • Action (view, create, update, delete, share, policy change)
  • Target resource identifier
  • Timestamp and timezone
  • Source context (IP/device/session)
  • Outcome (success/failure)

Log Quality Requirements

  • Immutable or tamper-evident storage
  • Time synchronization across systems
  • Consistent event schema
  • Controlled access to logs with meta-auditing

Compliance Mapping (Practical)

SOC 2

Show logical access controls, monitoring, and timely revocation evidence.

ISO 27001

Demonstrate access provisioning, review cadence, and event logging controls.

PCI-DSS

Provide detailed trails for privileged access and security-relevant events.

Review Cadence

  • Daily: high-risk alerts and failed-auth spikes
  • Weekly: privileged access and bulk export events
  • Monthly: full access review + control exceptions

Retention and Archival

Set retention based on regulation and risk profile. Keep searchable hot storage for recent events and archive older logs in encrypted, access-controlled storage with tested restore procedures.

Suggested Retention Baseline

  • Hot/searchable logs: 90–180 days
  • Archive logs: 1–7 years based on legal/compliance needs
  • Restore test: at least quarterly

Auditor-Ready Evidence (Quick List)

  • Access change approvals + timestamps
  • Privileged activity samples
  • Alert investigation tickets
  • Monthly review sign-off records

Audit Evidence Pack Checklist

  • Access change approvals
  • Sample event exports for requested period
  • Alert rules and incident tickets
  • Access review records and remediation actions

Where LockPulse Fits

LockPulse can be used as the credential activity source in your broader audit process; combine it with IAM, CI/CD, and cloud logs for complete evidence coverage.

Related: access control best practices.

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